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The 13 Original
American Colonies

Timeline events: Crisis Era

(1860) The Pony Express starts service , South Carolina secedes from the Union , Lincoln elected
(1861) Confederate States of America formed with Jefferson Davis its President , Fort Sumter fired upon , Confederates win the first Battle of Bull Run , Mathew Brady begins his photographic history of the Civil War , first coast-to-coast telegraph wires strung , Vassar College founded , first Federal Income Tax levied
(1862) Homestead Act passed , iron-clad ships "Monitor" (Union) and "Merrimack" (Confederate) battle, Union and Confederate forces wage battle at New Orleans, Shiloh, Virginia (7 day Battle), Bull Run (2nd), Antietam and Fredricksburg, Julia Ward Howe writes "The Battle Hymn of the Republic", Gatling patents his Machine Gun
(1863) Emancipation Proclamation, Battles of Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Vicksburg, Chickamauga and Chattanooga are fought, Lincoln delivers the Gettysburg Address, Samuel Clemens adopts the pen name "Mark Twain", National Academy of Science (NAS) founded
(1864) Lincoln reelected, with Ulysses S. Grant leading the Union forces and Robert E. Lee leading the Confederates the Civil War continues to rage at the Battles of Wilderness, Spotsylvania, Cold Harbor, Atlanta and at Sherman's march to the sea at Savannah, "In God We Trust' first appears on a U.S. coin
(1865) The Union Army finally corners Lee and forces a surrender at Appomattox ending the Civil War, Lincoln Assassinated by John Wilkes Booth and Andrew Johnson becomes President, 13th Amendment passed, abolishing slavery, baseball becomes popular after the war, MIT opens with 15 students, Chicago's Union Stockyards open

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