Cycles in U.S. History


The Revolutionary War Cycle (1693-1787)





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The Awakeners were the idealist generation of the Revolutionary Cycle. A religious upswelling ( a spiritual event called the Great Awakening) occured while they were becoming adults and swept the land. During that time these youth were known to condemn their own parents for a lack of piety. Later when they had become stern patrons, like Old Ben Franklin, they watched as a young civic generation, S&H called the Republicans, brought the colonies together, during a secular event we all remember as the American Revolution, and wrestled independence from Europe.

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The Age of Enlightenment - 1st Turning, High (1693-1733)

Cohorts: Awakening Generation - Prophet, Idealist Type (1701-1723)
Benjamin Franklin, Samuel Adams, John Witherspoon, Roger Sherman, Crispus Attucks, Samuel Davies, Roger Sherman, Thomas Hutchinson, Jonathon Edwards, Gilbert Tennant,.


American Timeline events ahead


Foreign Contemporaries: John Wesley, Jean- Jacques Rousseau, Frederick the Great, Adam Smith, Baron Munchhausen, Sir John Murray, John Montagu Sandwich, Horace Walpole, Charles III, Thomas Gray, Peter II, John Stuart Bute, George Grenville, Frederick II, David Hume, Richard Grenville, Louis XV, Samuel Johnson, William Pitt, Leonhard Euler, Henry Fielding, Carolus Linnaeus, Charles and JohnWesley, Anders Celsius, [Author's great, great, great, great, great grandfather - Samuel Murray (born in Ireland, 1724)]

Foreign Timeline Events: War of Spanish Succession begins (1701), 15 year old German composer, J. S. Bach, begins to give organ lessons (1701), Anne becomes Queen of England (1702), first daily newspaper, "The Daily Courant" is published in London and "Moscow Gazette" begins publication by order of Peter the Great (1702), Halley predicts the comet (1705), first Life Insurance Co. opens in London (1706), England and Scotland form Great Britain (1707), the Mogul empire in India begins to disintegrate (1707), Italian Harpsichord maker invents the piano (1709), Fahrenheit invents the thermometer (1709), Handel's opera "Agripa" produced (1710), half a million killed by Bubonic Plague in Austria and Germany (1711), Queen Anne's War (War of Spanish Sucession) ends (1713), Peter the Great introduces public education in Russia (1714), Voltaire imprisoned (1717), Treaty of the Hague (1720), Manchu Dynasty flourishes in China (1722), China bans Christianity (1723),.King George II succeeds King George I (1727).

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The Great Awakening Era - 2nd Turning, Awakening (1734-1743)

Cohorts: Liberty Generation - Nomad, Reactive Type (1724-1741)
George Washington, Daniel Boone, Paul Revere, Patrick Henry, Benedict Arnold, John Adams, Thomas Paine, John Hancock, Ethan Allen


American Timeline events ahead


Foreign Contemporaries: Edmund Burke, Catherine the Great, George III, Immanuel Kant, James Watt, Joseph Priestly

Foreign Timeline Events: England declares war on Spain in the War of Jenkin's Ear (1739),


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The French and Indian War Era - 3rd Turning, Unraveling (1744-1773)

Cohorts: Republican Generation - Hero, Civic Type (1742-1766)
Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe, John Paul Jones, Nathan Hale, Robert Fulton, Eli Whitney, Alexander Hamilton, Noah Webster, Betsy Ross, John Marshall, [ Author's great, great, great, great grandfather - James Murray (born in Pennsylvania, 1747)]


American Timeline events ahead


Foreign Contemporaries: Marie Antoinette, Robert Burns, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Maximilien Robespierre, Mary Wollstonecraft, Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier, Edward Jenner, Alexander von Humboldt, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Foreign Timeline Events: George III becomes King of England (1760), the Treaty of Paris officially concludes the Seven Year War (1763)

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The American Revolution Era - 4th Turning, Crisis (1774-1787)

Cohorts: Compromise Generation - Artist, Adaptive Type (1767-1791)
Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams, Martin Van Buren (1782), William Harrison, John Tyler, Zachary Taylor, James Buchanan, Dolley Madison , Henry Clay, Meriwether Lewis, Captain William Clark, Daniel Webster, Washington Irving, Davey Crockett, J.Fenimore Cooper, Samuel F. B. Morse, [Author's great, great, great grandfather - William Murray (born in North Carolina, 1785)]


American Timeline events ahead


Foreign Contemporaries: Napolean Bonaparte, Ludwig van Beethoven, Sir Walter Scott, Simon Bolivar, Jane Austen, Charles Babbage, Georg Hegel, Carl Gauss, Carl von Clausewitz, Michael Faraday, David Ricardo, George Stephenson

Foreign Timeline Events: Adam Smith publishes Wealth of Nations (1776), France declares war on Britain (1778), Spain declares war on England (1779).


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For each historical era I show a list of notable Americans born to that generation and a pointer to the timeline of importantant events in American History that occured during that time. It is important to keep in mind that these are the events that shaped the early life of this generation. A few important foreign cohorts and global events are also listed to provide a contextual backdrop for each era

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ahead On to the Civil War Cycle

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In Association with Amazon.com Reading and Viewing List:

Clicking on these titles will take you directly to the Amazon.com page for the book or video.


Book

"Benjamin Franklin"

Carl C. Van Doren

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" America at 1750 : A Social Portrait"

Richard Hofstadter

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" Poor Richards Almanack"

Benjamin Franklin

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" The Federalist Papers "

Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay

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" Rights of Man and Common Sense (Everyman's Library) "

Thomas Paine, Michael Foot (Introduction)

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" Crucible of War : The Seven Years' War and the Fate of Empire in British North America, 1754-1766 (Vintage)"

Fred Anderson

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" Founding Brothers : The Revolutionary Generation"

Joseph J. Ellis

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"The Anti-Federalist Papers and the Constitutional ConventionDebates"

Ralph Ketcham (Editor), Ralon Ketcham

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"American Scripture : Making the Declaration of Independence"

Pauline Maier

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"The Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United States : With Index" (Bantam Classic)

United States, Pauline Maier (Introduction)

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" The Presidency of Thomas Jefferson"

Forrest McDonald

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"George Washington : The Forge of Experience, 1732-1775"

James Thomas Flexner

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"Alexander Hamilton, American"

Richard Brookhiser

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" Drawing the Line :How Mason and Dixon Surveyed the Most Famous Border in America"

Edwin Danson

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" Montcalm and Wolfe (Modern Library (Paper))"

Francis Parkman, John Keegan (Introduction)

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"The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution"

Bernard Bailyn

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" Paul Revere's Ride"

David Hackett Fischer

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" John Adams"

David McCullough

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"Sally Hemings and Thomas Jefferson: History, Memory, and Civic Culture"

Jan Lewis (Editor), Peter S. Onuf (Editor), Jane E. Lewis (Editor)

Book

"Liberty:The American Revolution"

Thomas Fleming

Book

"Wealth of Nations" (Great Minds Series)

Adam Smith

Book

"Patriots : The Men Who Started the American Revolution"

A. J. Langguth

Book

"The Glorious Cause : The American Revolution, 1763-1789"

Robert Middlekauff

Book

" Angel in the Whirlwind: The Triumph of the American Revolution"

Benson Bobrick



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